APPSC / TSPSC Assistant Statistical Officer (ASO) Economics UNIT-I material Using NCERT

ASO Economics – UNIT-I Complete Study Index

ఈ పేజీలో ASO Economics UNIT-Iకి సంబంధించిన అన్ని ముఖ్యమైన topicsను syllabus orderలో ఒకేచోట పొందుపరిచాం. ప్రతి topicపై క్లిక్ చేసి ఆ topicకు సంబంధించిన detailed Telugu notes, important concepts, formulas, examples మరియు MCQs చదవవచ్చు.

UNIT-I: Economic Concepts

Syllabus Coverage:

Production → Consumption → Demand → Elasticity → Market Structures & Equilibrium → Price Determination → National Income → Employment → Consumption → Saving → Investment → Rate of Interest → Profit → Money → Money Supply → Velocity → Banking → Central Bank → Price Level → Inflation → Public Finance

A. Micro Economics

1 Production – ఉత్పత్తి Production concepts, factors of production, production function and important exam points. 2 Concept of Consumption – వినియోగ భావన Meaning of consumption and its basic economic concepts. 3 Demand – డిమాండ్ Demand function, determinants, Law of Demand, demand curve, exceptions, movement and shifts in demand. 4 Elasticity of Demand – డిమాండ్ వ్యాకోచత్వం Price, Income and Cross Elasticity; degrees of elasticity; Point, Arc and Total Expenditure methods. 5 Market Structures & Equilibrium – మార్కెట్ నిర్మాణాలు మరియు సమతౌల్యం Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly, market equilibrium and firm equilibrium. 6 Price Determination – ధర నిర్ణయం Demand–Supply equilibrium, excess demand, excess supply, price ceiling and price floor.

B. National Income, Employment & Income Determination

7 National Income – జాతీయ ఆదాయం GDP, GNP/GNI, NDP, NNP/NNI, nominal and real GDP, methods of measurement and related aggregates. 8 Employment – ఉపాధి Labour force, workforce, LFPR, WPR, unemployment rate, types of unemployment and employment concepts. 9 Consumption Function – వినియోగ ప్రమేయం Keynesian consumption function, APC, MPC, autonomous consumption, induced consumption and break-even point. 10 Saving – పొదుపు Saving function, APS, MPS, break-even income, saving–investment relationship and Paradox of Thrift. 11 Investment – పెట్టుబడి Autonomous and induced investment, MEC, multiplier, accelerator and saving–investment equilibrium. 12 Rate of Interest – వడ్డీ రేటు Classical theory, Loanable Funds theory, Keynesian Liquidity Preference, nominal and real interest rates. 13 Profit – లాభం Accounting and economic profit, normal and supernormal profit, Risk, Uncertainty, Innovation and Dynamic theories of profit.

C. Money & Banking

14 Money – ద్రవ్యం Meaning, evolution, functions, types, legal tender, fiat money, near money and high-powered money. 15 Measures of Money Supply – ద్రవ్య సరఫరా కొలమానాలు M1, M2, M3, M4, Reserve Money, Narrow Money, Broad Money and Money Multiplier. 16 Velocity of Money – ద్రవ్య చలామణి వేగం Fisher's Equation of Exchange, income velocity, Cambridge cash-balance approach and V–k relationship. 17 Banks and Credit Creation – బ్యాంకులు మరియు పరపతి సృష్టి Commercial bank functions, deposits, loans, multiple credit creation, deposit multiplier and limitations. 18 Banks and Portfolio Management – బ్యాంకులు మరియు పోర్ట్‌ఫోలియో నిర్వహణ Safety, Liquidity and Profitability, bank assets, ALM, credit risk, liquidity risk and NPAs. 19 Central Bank & Control over Supply of Money – కేంద్ర బ్యాంకు మరియు ద్రవ్య సరఫరా నియంత్రణ RBI functions, monetary policy, Repo Rate, CRR, SDF, MSF, OMO and quantitative/qualitative credit controls.

D. Price Level & Inflation

20 Determination of Price Level – ధరల స్థాయి నిర్ణయం General price level, aggregate demand–aggregate supply, money supply and price-level relationships. 21 Inflation – ద్రవ్యోల్బణం Meaning, types, causes, CPI/WPI measurement, effects and monetary/fiscal measures to control inflation.

E. Public Finance – ప్రభుత్వ విత్తం

22 Public Finance – ప్రభుత్వ విత్తం Public expenditure, public revenue, public debt, fiscal policy and financial administration. 23 Government Budget – ప్రభుత్వ బడ్జెట్ Revenue Budget, Capital Budget, receipts, expenditure, Balanced, Surplus and Deficit Budgets. 24 Taxes – పన్నులు Direct and Indirect Taxes, Progressive, Proportional and Regressive taxation, Canons of Taxation and GST. 25 Non-Tax Revenue – పన్నేతర ఆదాయం Fees, fines and penalties, dividends, interest receipts, user charges and other non-tax sources. 26 Budget Deficits – బడ్జెట్ లోటులు Revenue Deficit, Fiscal Deficit and Primary Deficit, formulas, interpretation and numerical problems.

UNIT-I Quick Index

No.	Topic	Section
1	Production	Micro Economics
2	Concept of Consumption	Micro Economics
3	Demand	Micro Economics
4	Elasticity	Micro Economics
5	Market Structures & Equilibrium	Micro Economics
6	Price Determination	Micro Economics
7	National Income	Macro Economics
8	Employment	Macro Economics
9	Consumption Function	Macro Economics
10	Saving	Macro Economics
11	Investment	Macro Economics
12	Rate of Interest	Macro Economics
13	Profit	Macro Economics
14	Money	Money & Banking
15	Money Supply	Money & Banking
16	Velocity of Money	Money & Banking
17	Banks & Credit Creation	Money & Banking
18	Banks & Portfolio Management	Money & Banking
19	Central Bank & Money Supply Control	Money & Banking
20	Determination of Price Level	Price Level
21	Inflation	Price Level
22	Public Finance	Public Finance
23	Government Budget	Public Finance
24	Taxes	Public Finance
25	Non-Tax Revenue	Public Finance
26	Budget Deficits	Public Finance

Recommended Preparation Order:

Production → Consumption → Demand → Elasticity → Market Structures → Price Determination → National Income → Employment → Consumption Function → Saving → Investment → Interest → Profit → Money → Money Supply → Velocity → Banking → Portfolio Management → Central Bank → Price Level → Inflation → Public Finance → Budget → Taxes → Non-Tax Revenue → Budget Deficits

Exam Preparation Strategy:

ప్రతి topicలో ముందుగా Concepts & Definitions చదవండి → తర్వాత Formulas / Comparisons revise చేయండి → చివరగా MCQs, Numerical Problems మరియు Assertion–Reason Questions practice చేయండి.

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